Lock



NOV. 3, 1942. F, SE'BESTYN ETAL -2,301,l55

LOCK

Filed may 5, 1939 l` 2 sheets-sheet 1 l. A All Ul F. SEBESTYN AL Filedlay 5' 1939 LOCK . 2 Sheets..sheet 2 Patented Nov. 3, 1942 LOCK FerencSebestyn and Istvn Karcsony, Budapest, Hungary; Custodian vested in theAlien Property Application May 5, 1939, serial No. 271,956 In HungaryMay 24, 1938 4 claims. (o1. 70-134) The invention relates to a lock andpadlock, the substance of which is that on the side edges of the keyshank rows of lteeth comprising teeth of any desired distribution,cross-section and size are provided, the engaging surface of which isconstituted by mutually parallel inclined planes of any desireddirection and angle of inclination, whereas on the surface of thetumblers of the lock or padlock respectively, mutually parallel inclinedgrooves are provided, the arrangement of which, i. e. their size,cross-sectional shape, direction and angle of inclination suiting thevtooth system of the key so that, when inserting the key in the lock,the teeth of the key will engage with the groovesand slide in them.

In constructing the lock in this manner the movement of the tumblersnecessary to open the lock by a false key or nail cannot be accomplishedeven in the most favourable case. It is only with one tooth that thenail will be able to come into contact and thus the nail will not beable to accomplish the movement required for opening the lock.

In the al .iexed drawings several embodiments of the invention are shownby way of example.

Fig. 1 is a view of the interior of a door lock Without handle providedwith two sliding tumblers and one locking cylinder.

Fig. 2 is a View in locked position of a door lock of the same type asshown in Fig. 1, with the key inserted.

Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken on the line A-B of Fig. 2 after removalof the key.l

Fig. 4 is a view of both sliding tumblers with the locking cylinder insection. Y

Fig. 5 is a view of the inner side of one slidf ing tumbler.

Fig. 6 is a view from the edge of the key.

Fig. 7 is a front view of the key.

Fig. 8 is a perspective view of the key.

Fig. 9 is a view of the inner side of a handleless door lock withlocking cylinder, provided with four sliding tumblers which are actuatedby a key having a cross-shaped cross-section.

Fig. l0 is a side view of the locking cylinder together with the slidingtumblers.

Fig. 11 is a front View of the four sliding tumblers with the,lockingcylinder.

Fig. 12 is a View of the bottom plate of the lock case after removal ofthe locking cylinder and of the sliding tumblers.

Fig. 13 is a perspective view of the sliding tumblers.

Fig. 14 is a perspective view of two sliding tumblers which t into eachother.

Fig. 15 is a side view of the key appertaining to the lock shown in Fig.9. v

Fig. 16 is a cross-sectional view of the key shank takenI on line C-D ofFig. 15.

Fig. 17 is aschematic view of a lock with handle, in which two slidingtumblers are used.

Fig. 18 is a schematic view of the interior of the same lock in lockedposition. l

Fig. 19 is a schematic view of the interior of another lock with handlein which the rim of the pivoted tumbler is provided with notches.

Fig. 20 is also a schematic view of the interior of a lock with handle,in which a toothed sliding plate is used which is movable in a directionperpendicular to the movement of the lock bolt.

Fig. 21 is a schematic view of the interior of a padlock provided withtwo sliding tumblers.

Fig. 22 is a sectional view of a padlock having ring shaped tumblers.

Fig. 23 is a sectional E-F of Fig. 22,.

Fig. 24 is a view of a ring-shaped tumbler.

Fig. 25 is a view of a modification of the lock shown in Fig. 9.

In Figs. 1 to 3 of the drawings which show the constructional form of ahandleless lock having a locking cylinder, I indicates the bottom-plateof the lock case, 2 the lock bolt and 3 the lock cylinder, which iscarried between the bottom and top plates of the lock case (Fig. 3),whereas 4 indicates an arm fixed on the cylinder, a pin 5 projectingfrom said arm and extending in the guide slot 6 of the lock bolt. Themovement of the lock bolt is guided by a lug 8 which projects from thebottom plate and engages with the slot I of the bolt.

In the lock cylinder 3 a. guide opening I0 is provided for passage ofthe key 9 (Figs. 6 and 7), appertaining to the lock and on each side ofthis opening a guiding channel perpendicular to the axis of the cylinderis provided; in each of these channels a sliding tumbler I I is inserted(Figs, 1 to 5). These sliding tumblers are under the action of helicalsprings I3 coiled around extensions I2 of the sliding tumblers. The oneend of the springs I3 is fastened to the sliding tumbler II, Whereas theother end of the spring is supported by a plate Il fixed to the arm 4 ofthe lock cylinder. This plate is provided with holes, through which theextensions I2 move. By the side of one sliding tumbler II a stop pin I5projects from the bottom plate of the lock case, which stop pin preventsturning of the sliding tumbler IIA from the position shown in Fig. 1.

The lock is actuated bv a key 9 (Figs. 6, 7) On each side edge of thekey shank a row of teeth` I6 is arranged of which the working surfacesconsist of mutually parallel inclined planes. On the surfaces of thesliding tumblers a number of mutually parallel inclined tooth-grooves Ilis provided (Fig. 5) the distance between which, as well as their sizeand angle of inclination, is in accordance with the toothingoi the key.In case the key can be inserted from both sides in the lock, theinclined tooth-grooves are formed in view taken on the line twtimutually intersecting directions in order that when the key is insertedfrom either side of the lock the teeth I6 of the key shouldbe `able topenetrate into the tooth-grooves I1.

The lock operates in the following manner:

In the position shown in Fig, 1 the lock is open. If the lock bolt is tobe shot into the closing position, the key appertaining to the lock isinserted in the key guide I and then the lock cylinder 3 is turned byaid of the key in the direction indicated by the arrow I. On insertingthe key in the -lock the front tooth I6 of each tooth-row of the key Vi!penetrates into one inclined toothgroove I1 of each sliding tumbler IIand while said teeth are guided along the inclined grooves they forcethe sliding ltumblers by pressure exerted upon their inclined surfacesto move in the direction indicated by the arrow II, Fig. l, the saiddirection being perpendicular to that of the movement of the key. Owingto this movement a new tooth-groove I1 comes to be placed beneath thenext tooth I6 of the row of teeth of the key and forces the slidingtumbler further in the direction of lthe arrow II. In this manner theteeth of the key force the sliding tumblers II always further andfurther in the direction of the arrow II increasing in the meantime thetension of the helical springs I3. After completely inserting the key.in the lock, this insertion being limited by a stop, pin I does nothinder their rotation in the direction of the arrow I. Now the lockcylinder -3 and with it the sliding tumblers Il are turned by means ofthe key in the direction of the arrow I, in consequence whereof the lockbolt will be shot into the closing position by thepin 5 projecting fromthe arm 4 and cooperating with the slot 6 of the lock bolt 2 i Fig. 2).

If now the key is removed from the lock, the springs I3 move the slidingtumblers II back to their former positions. In this position the slidingtumblers cannot be turned in a direction opposite to the arrow I (Fig.1), that is to Say the lock cylinder 3 cannot be turned back into itsoriginal position, since during the backward rotation the slidingtumblers II will make irnpact partly against the stop I5 and partlyagainst the wall of the lock case. In this manner the lock bolt isblocked in its locking position and it can only be released from thisposition by inserting the key in the lock and moving the slidingtumblers again whereby the rotation of the lock cylinder 3 in thebackward direction opposite to the arrow I becomes again possible.

The. embodiment according to Fig. 9 differs from that of the Fig. 1 inthat in the guiding channels of the lock cylinder 3 four slidingtumblers I8 are provided instead of two, said four tumblers surroundingthe key guide I0 and the opposite tumblers being parallel to each other.Each of these sli-ding tumblers is subject to the action of a separatespring |51.l The crossing points of the sliding tumblers I8 are providedwith a out (Fig. 14) so that the sliding tumblers which cross each othercan pass over each other and neither of them hinders the movement of theother. From one end of each of the four sliding tumblers a tooth 2iprojects which is di-y rected downwards Figs l0, 1-1 and 14) and in'.`

the bottom-plate of the lock case I slots 23' are provided in astationary ring 22 (Fig. 12) which receive the teeth 2I of the slidingtumblers.

On the surfaces of the sliding tumbers with which the key engages,grooves I1 similar to those of the embodiment according to Fig. 5 are4movement of the lock bolt.

bodiment provided and corresponding tooth systems I6 are provided on thekey 24 (Figs. 15 and 16). The key is here formed with a cross-shapedcrosssection having on each rib a row of teeth in order to enable thesaid shafts to engage simultaneously with all the four sliding tumblers.

In the unlocked state of the lock the teeth 2| of the sliding tumblersI8 engage with the slots 23 of the ring 22 on the bottom-plate of thelock case I and thereby hinder the rotation of the lock cylinder 3.After inserting the key 24 into the Alock the key will move all the foursliding tumblers I8 in their longitudinal direction in the mannerdescribed with reference to the embodiment according to Fig. 1, wherebythe teeth 2| of the same leave the slots 23, and the rotation of thelock cylinder 3 and thus the shooting of the lock bolt 2 into thelocking position by means of the arm Ilvbecomes possible. During theshooting of the bolt the lock cylinder revolves to the extent ofdegrees. In this position theteeth 2| of the sliding tumblers I8 againcome to be situated opposite the slots 23. When now the key is removedfrom the lock the sliding tumblers I8 return under the effect of thesprings I9 into their former position, the teeth 2| entering the slots23 whereby the lock bolt will be blocked. From this blocked conditionthe lock bolt can only be released by inserting the key into the lock.

The lock can also be constructed in such a manner that the four slidingtumblers can only be moved simultaneously. For this purpose a steppedsurface 31 inclined to-the longitudinal axis of the sliding tumbler isformed on one end of each sliding tumbler (Fig. 25); against thissurface the end of the adjacent sliding tumbler makes impact if only onesliding turnbler is moved; If however the four sliding tumblers are allmoved together the stepped surfaces 31 recede slowly from the end of theadjacent sliding tumblers so that a simultaneous movement of all fourtumblers becomes possible.

In Fig. 17 a lock with handle is illustrated in a diagrammatical manner,in which two sliding tumblers II similar to those used in theemaccording to Fig. 1 are employed. These sliding tumblers are providedwith notches 25, whereas from the bolt 2 of the lock the lugs 26project, which make impact against the sliding tumblers II and thusobstruct the If however the sliding tumblers II are moved by the keylnserted into the key hole Il) of the lock into a position, in whichtheir notches 25 come into alignment with the lugs 26 of the lock bolt2, the latter can be moved along by the handle follower 21 engaging withthe lock bolt 2, since the lugs 26 are able to pass through the notches25.

After removal oi the key the sliding tumblers II, under effect of aspring not shown in the drawings, return into their former position andthe lock bolt 2 is again blocked. (Fig. 18.)

In the embodiment according to Fig. 19 it is again a lock with handlethatr is illustrated in a diagrammatical manner, but here instead of thesliding tumbler a sector-shaped pivoted tumbler 29 is employed, which isrotatable around the pin 28. On the arc-shaped rim of this tumbler infront of the key hole, an inclined groove I1 is provided, which engageswith the inclined toothing system of the key. In the tumbler, slots 25are provided, whereas from the lock bolt 2 a lug 26 projects, whichenables the i0, in opposite directions.

. by the blocking of the padlock shackle cee.`

lock bolt to be moved alongby the handle follower 21 only when thetumbler 29 is set into such a position that the lug 25 lies on thecentre line of the slots 25. A similar lock can also be constructed byusing two or more tumblers arranged side by side or below each other, inwhich case the key 1nserted into the lock is rotating at the same timetwo or more tumblers around their individual axes of rotation. Thesetumblers can also be brought into coercive blocking connection with eachother by the application of the same method as with the sliding tumblersshown in Fig. 25.

The lock with handle illustrated in Fig. in a diagrammatical manner hasthe sliding tumblers Il attached to a plate 30 and in this plate slotsare formed through which the lug 26 of the lock bolt 2 passes. Oninserting the key into the lock, the toothed tumblers H and with themthe plate 30, move along and come in a posij in which the movement ofthe lug 26 in the slot 25, that is to say, the locking or unlocking ofthe lock, becomes possible.

In Fig. 2l a padlock is illustrated in a diagrammatical manner. In thepadlock case 3l iwo sliding tumblers Il are provided, which can bemoved, by the key inserted into the key hole In the locked condition ofthe padlock one of these tumblers H engages with the slot of one shankof the shackle 32 of the padlock, whereas the other engages with theslot of the other shank of the same. On inserting the key in the holelll the tumble-rs Il move in opposite directions This type of padlockcan also be constructed insuch a manner that the sliding tumblers I!actuated by the key do not penetrate directly into the slots of theshanks of the padlock shackle, but are in contact with other slidingtumblers which block the padlock shackle.

In Fig. 22 is a sectional view of a padlock represented in which theshank of the padlock Thackle 32, extending in the padlock case 3|, issurrounded by tumblers in the form of rings 33, on the outer surface ofwhich helicoidally shaped grooves corresponding to the tooth system ofthe key are provided. These rings are tted on their inner side withteeth 34, which engage with the circumferential channels 35 formed onthe padlock-shackle 32, thereby preventing the opening of the padlock.On inserting the key into the lock the ring-shaped tumblers 33 areturned into such a position, that their teeth 34 enter the longitudinalchannel 36 of the swivel and thus enable the shackle to be extractedfrom the padlock. i

Of course, in the lock as well as in the padlock, the manner ofarranging the tumblers can be modified at will and, similarly, the size,direction and angle of inclination of the tooth systems of the key ortumblers respectively', can also be altered at will. The extremely largenumber of possible combinations renders the opening of the lock orpadlock, respectively, entirely impossible without the correct key.

What we claim is:

In a lock, the combination of a casing and of a lock tongue-piecemovable relatively to the casing, with tumblers on the surface facingthe keyhole whereof mutually parallel oblique grooves are provided, saidlock tongue-piece and tumblers being arranged and shaped in such amanneras to be adapted to be operated by a key, on at least one side edge ofwhich key rows of teeth lock, engaging in continuous succession in aman-` ner similar to the mutual engagement of gearwheels with theoblique surfaces of the mutually adjacent parallel grooves of thetumblers.

2. In a lock, the combination of a casing and of a lock tongue-piecemovable relatively to the casing, with tumblers on the surface facingthe keyhole whereof mutually parallel oblique grooves are provided, saidlock tongue-piece and tumblers being arranged and shaped in such amanner as `to be adapted to be operated by a key, on at least one sideedge of which key rows` of teeth comprising surfaces of engagementsituated in oblique planes are provided, on which rows of teeth thedistribution, cross-sectional dimensions, direction and angle ofinclination of the teeth suit the grooves of the tumblers, and whichrows of teeth are, when the key is inserted into the lock from eitherside, engaging in continuous succession in a manner similar to themutual engagement of gearwheels with the oblique surfaces of themutually adjacent parallel grooves of the tumblers,

3. In a lock, the combination of a casing and of a lock tongue-piecemovable relatively to the casing, with tumblers which are arrangedaround the keyhole and on the surface facing the keyhole whereofmutually parallel oblique grooves are provided, said lock tongue-pieceand tumblers being arranged and shaped in such a manner as to be adaptedto be operated by a key, on at least one side edge of which key rows ofteeth comprising surfaces of engagement situated in oblique planes areprovided, on which rows of teeth the distribution, cross-sectionaldimensions, direction and angle of inclination ol' the teeth suit thegrooves of the tumblers, and

`ing tumblers arranged in the slots of the locking cylinder, and inthesurface facing the keyhole whereof mutually parallel oblique grooves areprovided, said lock tongue-piece and tumblers beingarranged and shapedin such a manner as to be adapted to be operated by a key, on at leastone side edge of which key rows of teeth comprising surfaces ofengagement situated in oblique planes are provided, in which rows ofteeth the distribution, cross-sectional dimensions, direction and angleof inclination of thel teeth suit the grooves of the sliding tumblersand which rows of teeth are, when the key is inserted into the lock,engaging in continuous succession in a manner similar to the mutualengagement of gearwheels with the oblique surfaces of the mutually-adjacent; parallel grooves of the sliding tumblers.

FERENC sEBEsTYN. vIs'iyliN KARcsoNY.

